Lê, Thanh Phong, Jean-Noël Hyacinthe, and Andrea Capozzi. “How to Improve the Efficiency of a Traditional Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DDNP) Apparatus: Design and Performance of a Fluid Path Compatible DDNP/LOD-ESR Probe.” Journal of Magnetic Resonance 338 (May 2022): 107197.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107197.
Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) was invented almost twenty years ago. Ever since, hardware advancement has observed 2 trends: the quest for DNP at higher field and, more recently, the development of cryogen free polarizers. Despite the DNP community is slowly migrating towards ‘‘dry” systems, many ‘‘wet” polarizers are still in use. Traditional DNP polarizers can use up to 100 L of liquid helium per week, but are less sensitive to air contamination and have higher cooling power. These two characteristics make them very versatile when it comes to new methods development.