Kern, Michal, Anh Chu, and Jens Anders. “Current Trends in VCO-Based EPR.” Applied Magnetic Resonance 55, no. 9 (September 2024): 1065–89.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-024-01698-0.
In this article we provide an overview of chip-integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based EPR detection as a new paradigm in EPR sensing. After a brief motivation for this alternative detection method, we provide a self-contained overview of the detection principle, both for continuous-wave and pulsed detection. Based on this introduction, we will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of VCO-based detection compared to conventional resonator-based detection. This is followed by an overview of the current state of the art in VCO-based EPR and interesting emerging applications of the technology. The paper concludes with a brief summary and outlook on future research directions.